Capital model

Where spoke cost meets mesh cost

Each router funds spoke channels to its customers and mesh channels to every other router. Too few routers and each one carries too many customers. Too many and the mesh itself is the burden. R* is the minimum.

Customers (P)

10.0B

Spoke / customer (S)

$1,000

Mesh / link (M)

$1.0M

R* routers
3K

2ⁿ: 2K or 4K

Capital / router
$6.3B
Customers / router
3.2M
Max payment / link
$250K
Total system
$24.2T
Spoke = PS / RMesh = RMTotal = PS/R + RMR* = √(PS/M)

Number of routers (R), powers of two

R* = √(PS / M) · min capital = 2√(PSM) · spoke = mesh at R*

Spoke capital per router falls as 1/R. Mesh capital per router rises as R. The U-curve minimum is where they cross. Payments larger than the max per link settle on-chain.